Most astm and asme standards list the steel grades by their uns unified numbering system numbers but also make reference, where appropriate to the more general aisi american iron and steel institute grade designations. This book became a classic in the stainless steel industry and undoubt. Ferritic steel is a type of steel that is composed of less than 0. This structure is responsible for them having distinctly different properties to austenitic. Oct 07, 2016 microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic stainless steel 1. Chemical compositions of aisi astm asme and uns ferritic stainless steel grades introduction aisi astm asme and uns. For example, the p number 1 is assigned to carbon manganese or low carbon steel base metals. After carbon steel, stainless steel is most widely used material in process industries because of its excellent corrosion resistance property. They are the austenitic, ferritic, and duplex austenitic ferritic families. Types 405, 409, 430, 422 and 446 are representative of this group. High performance stainless steel tubing, ferritic stainless steel, superferritic stainless steel, corrosion, erosion, vibration, stress corrosion cracking, thermal conductivity abstract originally developed back in the early to mid1970s, the current generation of superferritic stainless steels have now returned to popularity. Stainless steel specification and composition chart.
Table 1 chemical composition of ferritic stainless steel studied. In the present work, an experimental research programme was carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of various ferritic stainless steels at temperatures up to c. High performance stainless steels nickel institute. The ferritic solution provides an overview of the properties of ferritic stainless steels, the advantages of using them and the applications where they can be used. Ferritic stainless steels were discovered early but it was only in the 1980s that the conditions were met for their growth. Normally the chromium content of the ferritic stainless steel ranges from 14 to 27 wt%.
Ferritic stainless steelferritic stainless steelmetallurgy and corrosion properties and possibilitieswelding of ferritic stainless steel \stainless steel and corrosion\, chapter 10. Based on arc welds made using commercial martensitic and ferritic stainless steels, this diagram has proven to be extremely accurate in predicting weld metal microstructure within the composition limits of the diagram. Ferritic stainless steels table 2 are straightchromium 400 series types that cannot be hardened by heat treatment, and only moderately hardened by cold working. High resistance to general corrosion, pitting and stress corrosion cracking. Microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic stainless steel 1. They are optimised for high hardness, although other properties can be compromised. It is a corrosion resistant ferritic stainless steel with excellent strength, toughness, fabrication characteristics and weldability. It has a nickel content of at least of 7%, which makes the steel structure fully austenitic and gives it ductility, a large scale of service temperature, nonmagnetic properties and good weldability. Stabilised grades for heavy section welding and high temperature applications. Ferritic may also refer to a type of steel called ferritic steel. Ferritic is typically metallic materials, that contain some portion of iron in its chemical composition.
Laser fusion allows us to produce profiles in these ferritic stainless steel grades in sections such as beams, channels, angles, tees and custom shapes. The most common stainless steel grade, 304, is used in about 60% of applications for stainless steel around the world. Chemical compositions of aisi astmasme and uns ferritic. These steels can be magnetised in an electric field and so can be used for electric solenoid cores, where good corrosion resistance is required. Ferritic stainless steels are classified in the 400 series, usually with 10% to 30% chromium content, and are often chosen for their. Ferritic stainless steels are ideal for applications ranging from appliances to nextgeneration, hot end exhaust systems. Type 430 is the generalpurpose stainless of the ferritic group.
While standard ferritic steels are, by far, the largest consumer group in terms of tonnage, demand for specialty grade stainless steels is increasing steadily. Chemical composition of aisi 430 ferritic stainless steel. The therma range contains 12 products for use in applications with high service temperatures. Austenitic stainless steels are nonhardenable by heat treating. Microstructural characterization of the haz in aisi 444 ferritic stainless steel welds article in materials characterization 595.
The next step is the production by steel mills of hot rolled and of cold finished steel products, with some scrap which is directly reused in the melting shop. The least common category of stainless steel alloy. Ferritic stainless steel contains higher chromium content than the martensitic stainless steel. That means, titanium and chromium stabilize it, with eleven percent chromium being the minimum amount. Stainless steel specification and composition table chart. Ferritic nitrocarburizing sometimes abbreviated fnc is a case hardening processes that diffuses nitrogen and carbon into ferrous metals at subcritical temperatures during a salt bath.
Improved resistance to pitting corrosion in chloride environments. Ferritic stainless steel forms one of the four stainless steel families, the other three being austenitic, martensitic and duplex stainless steels. Ferritic stainless steels are ferromagnetic and have been used as soft magnetic components such as solenoid cores and pole pieces. High performance stainless steel tubing, ferritic stainless steel, super ferritic stainless steel, corrosion, erosion, vibration, stress corrosion cracking, thermal conductivity abstract originally developed back in the early to mid1970s, the current generation of super ferritic stainless steels have now returned to popularity.
Jan 26, 2020 ferritic stainless steel alloys can generally be classified into five groups, three families of standard grades groups 1 to 3 and two families of specialty grade steels groups 4 and 5. Corrosion resistance is primarily determined by the chromium content. New generation generalpurpose ferritic grade awm 404gp can be used to replace the workhorse austenitic grade 304 in most applications. Sus329j1 denotes austenitic and ferritic stainless steel. Ferritic stainless steel alloys can generally be classified into five groups, three families of standard grades groups 1 to 3 and two families of specialty grade steels groups 4 and 5. Ferritic stainless steels have properties similar to those of mild steel but show. It is magnetic and not capable of hardening through heating. Reference module in materials science and materials engineering. Stressstrain model for ferritic stainless steels article pdf available in journal of materials in civil engineering 282. Types of stainless steel used in piping hardhat engineer. Novel formation of ferrite in ingot of 0cr17ni4cu4nb stainless steel. Nov 26, 2018 ferritic is typically metallic materials, that contain some portion of iron in its chemical composition. Similar to austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment. The link is to a book by carl zapffre on stainless steel and has a good historical background section.
High performance stainless steels stainless steel world. A useful chart of relevant information on austenitic, ferritic, duplex, martensitic, and precipitation hardening grades of stainless steels including. The stainless steels in each family have general similarities, but there is also a wide range of corrosion resistance and other characteristics. Austenitic vs ferritic steel stainless steel sheets. Austenitic stainless steels have resistance to carburizing and nitridinglow oxygen hot gas and higher creep strength. Austenitic stainless steels include the 200 and 300 series of which type 304 is the most common. This grade of steel was developed as a stainless steel group that can resist oxidation and corrosion, specifically stress cracking corrosion scc. Ferritic ferrite stainless steel tubes 430 405 409 410s. A preliminary ferriticmartensitic stainless steel constitution diagram new diagram allows the prediction of ferrite and martensite in arc welds based on weld metal composition by m. Ironcarbon phase diagram, showing the conditions under which ferrite. Ferritic stainless steel, which are part of the 400 series of stainless alloys, have chromium as their major alloying element and are typically low in carbon content.
What is the family lean duplex ss lower nickel and no molybdenum 2101, 2102, 2202, 2304 duplex ss higher nickel and molybdenum 2205, 2003, 2404 super duplex 25chromium and higher nickel and molybdenum plus 2507, 255 and z100 hyper duplex more cr, ni, mo and n 2707. Microstructural characterization of the haz in aisi 444. There are three primary classifications within the highperformance stainless steels. A new ferriticmartensitic stainless steel constitution diagram. Ferritic definition of ferritic by the free dictionary. Ferritic stainless steels can have good to excellent corrosion resistance depending on the chemical composition of the specific grade. Higher prices are driving stainless steel users to seek more cost effective solutions. Where grades are quoted in the text, the european standard en classification is given, followed by the american iron and steel institute aisi equivalent in brackets. If the magnetic permeability of an austenitic stainless steel is of particular concern, it can be measured by relatively simple means as described in astm standard method a342. Ferritic can refer to substances in a solution, in a solid or liquid state. Ferritic stainless steel damstahl front page pages 1 15. Typical applicatiosn include fasteners, bushings, pumps and valves, steam and gas turbine parts and petroleum refineries. From a practical standpoint, ferrite can be considered pure iron at a low temperature.
Austenitic stainless steel is the most widely used type of stainless steel. These base metals are grouped by material and assigned p numbers based on what material they are. Aug 31, 2008 new generation generalpurpose ferritic grade awm 404gp can be used to replace the workhorse austenitic grade 304 in most applications. Carpenters stainless steel blue book carpenter technology. The ferritic alloys dantsizens alloy contained 14 to 16%. Materials science is the magic that allows us to change the chemical composition and microstructure of material to regulate its. Five major classes of stainless steels are widely used. Stainless steels, ferritic request pdf researchgate. Their corrosion resistance tends to be lower than either ferritic or austenitic alloys, but they have a high hardness.
High temperature properties of ferritic stainless steels designed for exhaust. Composition of some ferritic stainless steels in wt %. It was possible to obtain very low carbon levels at the steelmaking stage. Mechanical properties of ferritic stainless steels at. Ferritic stainless steels are nonhardenable fecr alloys. Martensitic stainless steel alloys are often ideal for applications. Download table chemical composition of aisi 430 ferritic stainless steel. The primary alloying additions are chromium and nickel. Performance of ferritic stainless steels for automobile. Stainless steel properties and applications of ferritic grade. Nssc austeniticferritic duplex with a duplex structure of austentie and ferrite, duplex type stainless steels show excellence in corrosion resistance and strength. Request pdf stainless steels, ferritic the structure, corrosion resistance, and.
Metal products distributor supplier metals and materials table of contents. Ferritic stainless steels have resistance to sulfur containing hot gases and lower thermal expansion. Austenitic stainless steels are classified in the 200 and 300 series, with 16% to 30% chromium and 2% to 20% nickel for enhanced surface quality, formability, increased corrosion and wear resistance. It is a corrosion resistant ferritic stainless steel with excellent strength, toughness, fabrication. Those steels with molybdenum additions have improved pitting corrosion resistance. Many grades of ferritic stainless steel also contain smaller amounts of elements such as molybdenum, nickel. Offers good corrosion resistance to many environments. Sigma phase is a nonmagnetic intermetallic phase composed mainly of iron and chromium which forms in ferritic and austenitic stainless steels during exposure at temperatures of 1050 to 1800 degrees f 560 to 980 c it causes loss of ductility, toughness and is generally strain intolerant, or brittle at. Pdf stressstrain model for ferritic stainless steels. This paper describes prelim inary research to develop a constitution. A new ferriticmartensitic stainless steel constitution.
Ferritic stainless steel properties and applications. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron with at least 10. Stainless steel properties and applications of ferritic. The ferritic and martensitic stainless grades 400 series are generally free from austenite, have high permeabilities and so will attract a magnet.
The material presented in this reference book has been prepared for the general. When stressed to 90% of its yield strength and placed in a 212. Information about chromium from the us geological survey. The stainless steel cycle starts with carbon steel scrap, primary metals, and slag. Mechanical propertiesalong with alloy strength, consider hardness, fatigue. Characterization of cracks of welded joint of ferritic.
First and foremost stainless steels great claim to fame is its ability to resist corrosion. Ferritic stainless steels were discovered early but it was only in the 1980s that the conditions were met for their. Grade 409 is a stabilized ferritic stainless steel. Stainless steel ss is an alloy steel with a minimum chromium content of 10. What is stainless steel austenitic ferritic martensitic. Besides the basic ironchromium, there are different elements added stainless steel and each bring specific properties. What are martensitic, ferritic and austenitic stainless steel alloys. Martensitic stainless steels are similar in composition to. They are magnetic, have good ductility and resistance to corrosion and oxidation.
This number is used to group similar base metals, allowing qualification of an entire selection versus qualification of just one. Ferritic stainless steel damstahl front page pages 1. Oct 23, 2001 410 is the basic martensitic grade stainless steel. Microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic. There are different types of stainless steel used in piping. Ferritic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect topics.
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